Victory for the ACT Student Text 15e

18 • E NGLISH

feed krill, a tiny, shrimp-like animal, which in turn are eaten by Adelie penguins, seals, whales, and other seabirds and animals. 3

3. A. NO CHANGE B. tiny, shrimp-like animals C. a tiny animal like a shrimp D. an animal like a tiny shrimp 3. (B) The original sente ce lacks arallelism. In the main part of the sentence, the writer is talking about krill in the plural: “krill . . . which in turn are eaten.” But in the appositive phrase, the writer uses the singular “animal.” In order to be parallel to the plural noun “krill,” “animal” must be changed to “animals.” F. NO CHANGE G. Although H. Therefore J. Furthermore 4. (G) “Because” is a word used to introduce an explanation, so the reader expects the information in the independent clause to be the outcome of the information provided in the dependent (“because”) clause. The writer, instead, intends to contrast the two ideas in the sentence: even though polynyas are small in area, they are very important to Adelie penguins. 5. A. NO CHANGE B. live next to costal polynyas right beside their habitats C. live right next to costal polynyas D. live next to costal polynyas 5. (D) The original is needlessly wordy. (D), by far the shortest of the choices, solves the needless repetition problems and illustrates that in a question testing conciseness, the shortest choice (in word count) is often the best. 4.

Because relatively small in area, coastal polynyas play an important role. In eastern Antarctica, more than 90 percent of all Adelie 4

penguin colonies live next to coastal polynyas right beside their natural habitats. Polynya productivity explains, to a great extent, the increase and decrease in penguin population. 5 5