Victory for the ACT Student Text 15e

346 • S CIENCE

16. Darwin might dispute the Lamarckian idea of inheriting acquired characteristics by pointing out that: F. giraffes with short necks may do just as well as those with long necks. G. giraffes that break a leg and walk around on three legs still do not produce three-legged offspring. H. giraffes had shorter necks millions of years ago. J. giraffes that break a leg would not be able to reach the highest leaves. 17. Many species of moles live underground in the dark. These species often have small, almost dysfunctional, eyes. Which of the following statement(s) would a Lamarckian use to explain this phenomenon? I. Moles without eyesight are better adapted for survival underground and therefore produce more offspring. II. Disuse of eyes in the dark led to their deterioration in mole species. III. Eye deterioration can be transferred to a mole’s genes, which are then passed on to the next generation. A. I only B. II only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III 18. Which factor is vital to Darwin’s ideas, but not to those of Lamarck? F. The fossil record G. An examination of modern species H. The inheritance of adaptations J. Chance

A few individuals in a population have an adaptation that enables them to tolerate extremely cold temperatures. In their lifetimes, the environment never reaches such extremes. If all other traits are approximately the same among individuals, which of the following best represents the prediction of a Darwinist regarding the number of offspring left in the next generation by these individuals, compared to the number left by other members of the population? A. These individuals will leave approximately the same number of offspring. B. These individuals will leave more offspring. C. These individuals will leave fewer offspring. D. These individuals will probably not leave any offspring.

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