Victory for the ACT Student Text 15e

S CIENCE S TRATEGY S UMMARY • 359

STRATEGY SUMMARY

SCIENCE STRATEGIES

…‹‡…‡ ‹–‡• –‡•– ›‘—” ”‡ƒ•‘‹‰ •‹ŽŽ•ǡ ‘– ›‘—” •…‹‡–‹ϐ‹…‘™Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ ‘ǡ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ••ƒ‰‡• Šƒ˜‡ ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– ›‘— ™‹ŽŽ ‡‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” –Š‡ ‹–‡•Ǥ  •‘‡…ƒ•‡•ǡ „ƒ…‰”‘—† ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ– –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ›‘—” Š‹‰Š •…Š‘‘Ž ‰‡‡”ƒŽ •…‹‡…‡…‘—”•‡• ‹• ”‡“—‹”‡†ǡ „—– do not assume †ƒ–ƒ –Šƒ– ‹• ‘– ‰‹˜‡Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ”‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡…‹‡…‡ ‡•–ǣ ͳǤ ‡ˆ‘”‡ ”‡ƒ†‹‰ ƒ›…‹‡…‡ ’ƒ••ƒ‰‡ǡ quickly glance over all of the passages and code them according to passage-type ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡ –Š‡ ‘”†‡” ‹ ™Š‹…Š ›‘— ™‹ŽŽ ƒ––ƒ… –Š‡Ǥ †‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ ƒ†…‘†‹‰ –Š‡ ’ƒ••ƒ‰‡• •Š‘—Ž† –ƒ‡ ‘ ‘”‡ –Šƒ ϐ‹˜‡ •‡…‘†• ‡ƒ…ŠǤ 2. Do NOT preview the item stems. ‹…‡ –Š‡…‹‡…‡ ‹–‡ •–‡• –‡† –‘ „‡…‘ˆ—•‹‰ ™‹–Š‘—– Šƒ˜‹‰ ϐ‹”•– ”‡ƒ† –Š‡…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ ’ƒ••ƒ‰‡ǡ ’”‡˜‹‡™‹‰ –Š‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‘Ž› …‘ˆ—•‡ ›‘— ƒ† •Ž‘™ ›‘— †‘™Ǥ ͵Ǥ – ‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ– –‘ ‘Ž› read the passage thoroughly once ǡ ”ƒ–Š‡” –Šƒ –‘ •‹ ‘˜‡” ‹– •‡˜‡”ƒŽ –‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ…ƒ „‡ †‹ˆϐ‹…—Ž– –‘ —†‡”•–ƒ†Ǣ –Š—•ǡ ‹– ‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ– –‘ ”‡ƒ† –Š‘—‰Š–ˆ—ŽŽ› ƒ†…ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ›Ǥ Be an active reader. •‡ ›‘—” ’‡…‹Ž –‘ —†‡”Ž‹‡ ‡› ™‘”†• ƒ† ’‘‹–• ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Šƒ– ™ƒ›ǡ ›‘— ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ Ž‘…ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‡ƒ•‹Ž› ™Š‡ ƒ•™‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ‹–‡•Ǥ ͶǤ Š‡ ƒ…‹‡…‡ ’ƒ••ƒ‰‡ ‹…Ž—†‡• –ƒ„Ž‡• ‘” ‰”ƒ’Š•ǡ ƒ‡ •—”‡ –Šƒ– ›‘— read and understand the labels ‘ ƒš‡•ǡ…‘Ž—•ǡ ƒ† ”‘™•Ǥ ‘— ‡‡† –‘ ‘™ ™Šƒ– ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• „‡‹‰ ’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ† ™Šƒ– —‹–• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ•—”‡ ƒ”‡ „‡‹‰ —•‡†Ǥ ͷǤ ƒ› ’ƒ••ƒ‰‡• ™‹ŽŽ…‘–ƒ‹ —…Š ‘”‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ ›‘— ‡‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” ƒ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ” ‹–‡Ǥ  ›‘—” •‡ƒ”…Š ˆ‘” ƒ Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ…‘…Ž—•‹‘ǡ do not be misled by data that does not relate to the item at hand Ǥ ͸Ǥ  ƒ–ƒ ‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ’ƒ••ƒ‰‡•ǡ –ƒ„Ž‡• ƒ† ‰”ƒ’Š• ’”‡•‡– ”‡•—Ž–•ǡ ‘ˆ–‡ ‘ˆ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘• ‘” ‡š’‡”‹‡–•Ǥ ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ ‹–‡• ™‹ŽŽ —•—ƒŽŽ› ƒ• ›‘— –‘ •’‘– ’ƒ––‡”• ‹ –Š‡ †ƒ–ƒǡ •‘ look for trends ǡ •—…Š ƒ• —’™ƒ”† ‘˜‡‡–ǡ †‘™™ƒ”† ‘˜‡‡–ǡ ‹˜‡”•‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡–…Ǥ ͹Ǥ Š‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–• †‡•…”‹„‡† ‹ ‡•‡ƒ”…Š —ƒ”› ’ƒ••ƒ‰‡• ƒ”‡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ •…‹‡–‹ϐ‹… ƒ••—’–‹‘•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹ˆ ƒ ƒ••—’–‹‘ ‹• ˆƒ—Ž–›ǡ –Š‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡– ƒ› ‘– ’”‘˜‡ ™Šƒ– ‹–…Žƒ‹•ǡ ƒ†…‘…Ž—•‹‘• †”ƒ™ ˆ”‘ ‹– ƒ› –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ „‡ ‹˜ƒŽ‹†Ǥ ‘ǡ ˆ‘” ‹–‡• –Šƒ– ƒ• ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ •…‹‡–‹ϐ‹……‘…Ž—•‹‘ǡ consider the validity of any underlying assumptions Ǥ ͺǤ Š‡ ƒ”‰—‡–• ’”‡•‡–‡† ‹ ‘ϐŽ‹…–‹‰ ‹‡™’‘‹–• ’ƒ••ƒ‰‡• ƒ”‡ ƒŽ•‘ „ƒ•‡† ‘ •…‹‡–‹ϐ‹…ƒ••—’–‹‘•Ǥ ‰ƒ‹ǡ if the assumption is wrong, the entire argument is open to challenge Ǥ ••—’–‹‘• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ •…‹‡–‹ϐ‹…ˆƒ…– ƒ†† •–”‡‰–Š –‘ ƒ ƒ”‰—‡–Ǣ ˆƒ—Ž–› ƒ••—’–‹‘• ™‡ƒ‡ ƒ ƒ”‰—‡–Ǥ ͻǤ ˆˆ‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ••—’–‹‘• –Šƒ– ›‘— •–ƒ”–‡† ™‹–Š ƒ• ’”‘‘ˆ ‘ˆ ›‘—” ƒ”‰—‡– ‹•…ƒŽŽ‡† …‹”…—Žƒ” ”‡ƒ•‘‹‰ǡ ƒ† –Š‹• –›’‡ ‘ˆ ’”‘‘ˆ ‹• ‘– ƒ……‡’–ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ‘” –Šƒ– ”‡ƒ•‘ǡ ƒ› …‘…Ž—•‹‘• †‹•…—••‡† ‹…‹‡…‡ ’ƒ••ƒ‰‡• ‘” ‘ˆˆ‡”‡† ƒ• ƒ•™‡”…Š‘‹…‡• —•– „‡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‡˜‹†‡…‡ ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–•Ȍ –‘ „‡ ˜ƒŽ‹†Ǥ Beware of any conclusions that are nothing more than a restatement of an underlying premise.