AccelePrep for the ACT Test 2nd Edition Student Text

C HAPTER 10 | F AST T RACK TO S CIENCE M ECHANICS • 191

3. Which of the following correctly states the relationship between the relative total surface area of blood vessels and the average blood pressure? A. As relative total surface area decreases, average blood pressure increases. B. As relative total surface area decreases, average blood pressure decreases. C. As relative total surface area decreases, average blood pressure may increase or decrease. D. Average blood pressure always changes in the opposite direction as the relative total surface area changes. 4. Based on the information in the diagram, which of the following conclusions is correct? F. As blood vessel distance from the left ventricle increases, relative total surface area decreases. G. As blood vessel distance from the left ventricle increases, pulse pressure increases. H. Blood vessels with the greatest relative total surface area have the highest pulse pressure. J. Blood vessels closest to and farthest from the left ventricle have the smallest relative total surface area. 5. A physician examining a newly discovered tribe of people deep in the Amazon jungles found that the relative total surface area of their capillaries was greater than that previously reported for any other group of people. If the physician were to predict the average velocity of blood through the capillaries of these people, which of the following values would be most reasonable?

PASSAGE II What will the end of the universe be like? Two opposing views are presented. Scientist 1 The universe will die out with a whimper because the energy of the big bang that created the universe will spread itself out over larger and larger regions of space. Since there is only so much energy in the universe, every cubic foot must hold, on the average, less energy as time goes on. In the end everything will get so cold that all motion will stop. That will be the true end of time. Scientist 2 The idea that the universe will spread itself too –Š‹ ƒ† ˆ”‡‡œ‡ ‹• •‡”‹‘—•Ž› ϐŽƒ™‡†Ǥ —…Š –Š‡‘”‹‡• †‘ not take into account the gravitational attractions of the bits of matter in the universe for each other. Gravity can act as a cosmic glue to keep the universe from dissolving into nothingness. Theories that state that the universe will eventually re-collapse into a scorching black hole through a reversal of the metric expansion of space are more feasible. 6. Which of the following is a major assumption of Scientist 1? F. All matter consists of atoms. G. There is a limited amount of energy in the universe. H. Gravity does not exist in interstellar space. J. The universe is contracting. 7. Which of the following facts, if true, does not help Scientist 2’s hypothesis? A. It is shown that the galaxies are moving away from each other with a constant speed. B. It is shown that the galaxies are moving towards each other with a constant speed. C. It is shown that the galaxies are moving towards each other with a constant acceleration. D. It is shown that the galaxies are not moving at all relative to each other.

A. 2 cm/sec B. 3 cm/sec C. 4 cm/sec D. 5 cm/sec