AccelePrep for the ACT Test 2nd Edition Student Text

196 • S URGE TO S UCCESS ! S CIENCE T EST P REP

THREE BASIC ITEM TYPES

Science items sort into three general categories: Comprehension, Analysis, and Application. Comprehension items test your ability to recognize and understand basic ideas in text and graphics. Analysis items require you to identify any relationships and trends. Application items ask you to apply the given information to a new situation or to synthesize new information. Comprehension items frequently require one or more of the following skills: • Find values on a chart or table • Perform a calculation using certain values • Read a graph and understand its labeling • Identify elements of an experimental design that are explicitly stated • Identify arguments that are explicitly stated Soil erosion involves the breakdown, detachment, transport, and redistribution of soil particles, most commonly by wind and water. Soil erosion by water occurs most commonly through sheet and rill erosion. Sheet erosion is the planar removal of surface soil by the ƒ…–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡‹–Š‡” ”ƒ‹†”‘’ •’Žƒ•Š‡• ‘” •ŠƒŽŽ‘™ ϐŽ‘™• ‘ˆ •—”ˆƒ…‡ ™ƒ–‡” ƒ• runoff travels over disturbed ground, picking up and transporting soil ’ƒ”–‹…Ž‡•Ǥ Š‡ ’”‘…‡•• ‘ˆ •Š‡‡– ‡”‘•‹‘ ‹• ‰”ƒ†—ƒŽ ƒ† †‹ˆϐ‹…—Ž– –‘ †‡–‡…–Ǥ • –Š‡ •ŠƒŽŽ‘™ ϐŽ‘™• ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ”—‘ˆˆ †”‹˜‹‰ •Š‡‡– ‡”‘•‹‘ combine and increase in velocity, the scouring capacity increases and causes rill erosion. Unlike sheet erosion, which is generally invisible, rill erosion leaves visible scouring of the land in the form of streamlets, or rills. These rills become a further major sediment transport route for soil detached on the sheet erosion areas between rills.

COMPREHENSION

Examples:

PACING TIP Comprehension questions tend to be the easiest questions to answer, and they ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ–‡ –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– “—‡•–‹‘• included after each passage. Make sure to attempt all the Comprehension questions on the test.