AccelePrep for the ACT Test 2nd Edition Student Text

C HAPTER 12 | T RY I T O UT ! S CIENCE P RACTICE • 229

7. A major difference between Lamarck and Darwin relates to their views on: A. the diversity of organisms in the natural world. Ǥ –Š‡ •‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ ˆ‘••‹Ž•Ǥ C. the importance of adaptations to the environment. D. the way adaptations come about. 8. Which viewpoint supports the idea that present- †ƒ› •’‡…‹‡• ƒ”‡ †‡•…‡†‡† ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡” ˆ‘”•ǫ 9. Which statement might be used by a Darwinist –‘ ‡š’Žƒ‹ –Š‡ ‡š–‹…–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ •’‡…‹‡•ǫ A. The environment changed, and not enough individuals had traits or adaptations well suited to the new conditions. B. The environment changed, and body parts could not be manipulated enough to adapt to new conditions. C. As the environment changed, the individuals present were not “perfect” enough. D. As the environment changed, there was no “natural selection.” 10. Darwin might dispute the Lamarckian idea of inheriting acquired characteristics by pointing out that: F. giraffes with short necks may do just as well as those with long necks. G. giraffes that break a leg and walk around on three legs all their lives still do not produce three-legged offspring. H. giraffes had shorter necks millions of years ago. J. giraffes that break a leg would not be able to reach the highest leaves. F. Lamarckism G. Darwinism H. Both viewpoints J. Neither viewpoint

11. Many species of moles live underground in the dark. These species often have small, almost dysfunctional eyes. Which of the following •–ƒ–‡‡–ȋ•Ȍ ™‘—Ž† ƒ ƒƒ”…‹ƒ —•‡ –‘ ‡š’Žƒ‹ –Š‹• ’Š‡‘‡‘ǫ I. Moles without eyesight are better adapted for survival underground and therefore produce more offspring. II. Disuse of eyes in the dark led to their deterioration in mole species. III. Eye deterioration can be passed on to –Š‡ ‡š– ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ A. I only B. II only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III 12. Which factor is vital to Darwin’s ideas, but not to –Š‘•‡ ‘ˆ ƒƒ”…ǫ F. The fossil record Ǥ  ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘†‡” •’‡…‹‡• H. The inheritance of adaptations J. Chance 13. A few individuals in a population have an adaptation that enables them to tolerate ‡š–”‡‡Ž›…‘Ž† –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ  –Š‡‹” Ž‹ˆ‡–‹‡•ǡ –Š‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡– ‡˜‡” ”‡ƒ…Š‡• •—…Š ‡š–”‡‡•Ǥ ˆ all other traits are the same among individuals, what would a Darwinist predict about the —„‡” ‘ˆ ‘ˆˆ•’”‹‰ Ž‡ˆ– ‹ –Š‡ ‡š– ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ by these individuals, compared to the number Ž‡ˆ– „› ‘–Š‡” ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǫ Ǥ Š‡•‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‹ŽŽ Ž‡ƒ˜‡ ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› the same number of offspring. B. These individuals will leave more offspring. C. These individuals will leave fewer offspring. D. These individuals will probably not leave any offspring.