Victory for the ACT Student Text 15e

108 • R EADING

“Alcohol dependence” describes a severe disability in which the individual loses the ability to control the drinking behavior. Alcohol dependence is associated with additional symptoms such as craving, tolerance, and physical dependence that elevate the importance of drinking in the individual’s life and impair the individual’s ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ ‡š‡”…‹•‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ ”‡•–”ƒ‹–Ǥ Knowledge of the differences is important because research shows that alcoholism treatment methods are more effective when they take differences in patient characteristics into account. Passage B Opioids include substances such as ‘”’Š‹‡ǡ Š‡”‘‹ǡ…‘†‡‹‡ǡ ƒ† ‘š›…‘†‘‡Ǥ “Opioid use disorder” is a medical condition characterized by a problematic pattern of ‘’‹‘‹† —•‡ –Šƒ–…ƒ—•‡•…Ž‹‹…ƒŽŽ› •‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ– impairment or distress. It often includes a strong desire to use opioids, increased tolerance to opioids, and withdrawal syndrome when opioids are abruptly discontinued. Dependence and addiction are components of a substance use disorder, and addiction represents the most severe form of the disorder. Opioid use disorders affect about 0.4% of people in a given year. About 16 million people have been affected at one point in time. In the United States in 2015 there were 33,000 deaths due to drug overdose involving opioids. Of those 33,000 deaths, about 15,000 were from prescribed opioids and 13,000 from heroin. No single treatment works for everyone, so several strategies have been developed including therapy and drugs. Opioid use disorder can be treated with opioid replacement therapy. Additionally, individuals with opioid use disorder may „‡‡ϐ‹– ˆ”‘ –™‡Ž˜‡Ǧ•–‡’ ’”‘‰”ƒ• ƒ† support from mental health professionals through individual or group therapy. Opioid use disorders require long-term treatment and care; most strategies aim ultimately to reduce drug use and lead to abstinence.

Questions 7–9 ask about both passages. 7. Which of the following distinctions made in Passage B is parallel to a similar distinction made in Passage A? A. Opioid use disorder differs according to whether the substance used is morphine, heroin, codeine, or ‘š›…‘†‘‡Ǥ B. Many of the deaths from opioid overdose were caused by opioids prescribed by doctors and not illegal drugs such as heroin. C. People with opioid use disorder need long-term treatment and care, beginning with a reduction in drug usage and leading to abstinence. D. Addiction to and dependence upon opioids are characteristics of substance use disorder, but addiction is the more severe. 8. With which of the following statements would the authors of the two passages be most likely to agree? F. Opioid use disorder, including both addiction and dependence, is a more serious problem than alcohol abuse. G. Patients require different treatments for their addictions, whether to alcohol or opioids. H. Opioid addiction and dependence are …‘†‹–‹‘• ‘”‡ †‹ˆϐ‹…—Ž– –‘ –”‡ƒ– –Šƒ alcohol abuse and dependence. J. Treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence is hampered by the unavailability of a substance for replacement therapy. 9. The main purpose of both passages is to: A. caution against the use of a dangerous substance. Ǥ †‡ϐ‹‡ –Š‡ –‡”• ‘ˆ ƒ •‡”‹‘—• ’—„Ž‹… health problem. C. call for public action against a tragic situation. Ǥ •Š‘™ –Š‡ ‡š–‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ †ƒƒ‰‡…ƒ—•‡† by addiction.

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The Cambridge Edge When you preview double passages, pay attention to how the two passages relate. Do the authors agree or disagree about the topic they are discussing? This will help you anticipate the questions you might need to answer.

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