Victory for the ACT Student Text 15e

322 • S CIENCE

7. ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ’”‡•‡–‡† „›…‹‡–‹•– ͳǡ ‹ˆ Š‹• –Š‡‘”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ ‘ˆ ‘š›‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ ‹•…‘””‡…–ǡ –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ ƒ‘—– ‘ˆ ‘š›‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ‹” ‘˜‡” –Š‡ ‡š– ‹ŽŽ‹‘ ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ‘ –Š‡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ǡ •Š‘—Ž†ǣ Ǥ †‡…”‡ƒ•‡ǡ –Š‡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡Ǥ Ǥ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ǡ –Š‡ †‡…”‡ƒ•‡Ǥ Ǥ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ ‘Ž›Ǥ Ǥ †‡…”‡ƒ•‡ ‘Ž›Ǥ †‡”Ž›‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ”‰—‡– ‘ˆ…‹‡–‹•– ʹ ‹• –Š‡ ƒ••—’–‹‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘š›‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘š‹†‡• ‹ –Š‡ ”‘…• ™ƒ•ǣ Ǥ ƒŽ™ƒ›• –‹‡† —’ ‹ –Š‡ ”‘…•Ǥ Ǥ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ „‹‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ”‡ƒ…–‹‘•Ǥ Ǥ…‘’Ž‡–‡Ž› ‰ƒ•‡‘—• †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› †ƒ›• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡Ǥ Ǥ ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ‘š›‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ ƒ– –Š‡ –‹‡Ǥ †‡”Ž›‹‰…‹‡–‹•– ͳǯ• •—‰‰‡•–‹‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”› ”‡…‘”† •—’’‘”–• –Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ ‘š›‰‡ †‡ϐ‹…‹‡…› ‘ ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ”–Š ‹• –Š‡ ƒ••—’–‹‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘Ž†‡•– Ž‹˜‹‰ things: Ǥ Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ •Š‘”–‡•– Ǥ Ǥ Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ‘•– ˆ”ƒ‰‡–‡† Ǥ Ǥ Šƒ˜‡…Šƒ‰‡† ”ƒ†‹…ƒŽŽ›Ǥ Ǥ —•– Šƒ˜‡ †‹‡† ‘—–Ǥ 10. Which of the following is the strongest ƒ”‰—‡–…‹‡–‹•– ͳ…‘—Ž† —•‡ –‘…‘—–‡” …‹‡–‹•– ʹǯ• •—‰‰‡•–‡† ‡…Šƒ‹• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡ǫ Ǥ Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• ‘– ‡‘—‰Š —Ž–”ƒ˜‹‘Ž‡– Ž‹‰Š– ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ǥ Ǥ Š‡‹…ƒŽ ”‡ƒ…–‹‘• ‘……—””‡† †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž› –Š‡Ǥ Ǥ Š‡ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ƒ– –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ…‡ ‘ˆ Earth at that time was always above ͵ͷι „‡…ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ ‰‡‘–Š‡”ƒŽ Š‡ƒ– ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡Ǥ Ǥ ‘•– Žƒ‡• ™‘—Ž† ‘– Šƒ˜‡…‘˜‡”‡† Žƒ”‰‡ ‡‘—‰Š ƒ”‡ƒ• –‘ ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡ –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ „—‹Ž†‹‰ „Ž‘…• ™‡”‡ ’”‡•‡–Ǥ 8. 9.

PASSAGE II

Scientist 1 The atmosphere of Earth was at one –‹‡ ƒŽ‘•– –‘–ƒŽŽ› Žƒ…‹‰ ‹ ‘š›‰‡Ǥ ‡ ’‹‡…‡ ‘ˆ ‡˜‹†‡…‡ •—’’‘”–‹‰ –Š‹• ƒ••‡”–‹‘ ‹• –Š‡ ˜‡”› ˆƒ…– –Šƒ– Ž‹ˆ‡ ‰‘– •–ƒ”–‡† ƒ– ƒŽŽǤ Š‡ ϐ‹”•–…Š‡‹…ƒŽ ”‡ƒ…–‹‘• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ‡…‡••ƒ”› ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ‹‘ ƒ…‹†•ǡ ”‡“—‹”‡ —Ž–”ƒ˜‹‘Ž‡– Ž‹‰Š–Ǥ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ —Ž–”ƒ˜‹‘Ž‡– Ž‹‰Š–…‘‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •— ‹• ‘™ ƒ„•‘”„‡† „› ‘š›‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡Ǥ ˆ –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ƒ• —…Š ‘š›‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ƒ• –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘™ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ –‘‘ Ž‹––Ž‡ —Ž–”ƒ˜‹‘Ž‡– Ž‹‰Š– ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ‡ƒ„Ž‡ Ž‹ˆ‡ –‘ „‡‰‹Ǥ Ž•‘ǡ –Š‡ ‘Ž†‡•– „ƒ…–‡”‹ƒǡ –Š‡ ‘‡• –Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ •Š‘”–‡•– ǡ ƒ”‡ ƒŽ‘•– ƒŽŽ ƒƒ‡”‘„‡•Ȅ–Š‡› ‡‹–Š‡” †‘ ‘– ‡‡† ‘š›‰‡ ‘” †‹‡ ‹ˆ ‡š’‘•‡† –‘ ‘š›‰‡Ǥ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘š›‰‡ –Šƒ– ‡š‹•–• ‘™ ‡–‡”‡† –Š‡ ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ Žƒ–‡” ˆ”‘ ˜‘Ž…ƒ‹…ˆ—‡•ǡ ™Š‹…Š…‘–‹—‡ –‘ ‘……—”Ǥ Scientist 2 The prevailing opinion is that the ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ǡ –Š‘—‰Š –Š‹…‡” ‘™ –Šƒ ‹– ™ƒ• ‹ –Š‡ ’ƒ•–ǡ ‹• ‘– ‡••‡–‹ƒŽŽ› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‹ …‘’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ƒ”‰—‡– –Šƒ– ƒ”–Š —•– ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ› Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ †‡ϐ‹…‹‡– ‹ ‘š›‰‡ ‹• ϐŽƒ™‡†Ǥ ‹”•– ‘ˆ ƒŽŽǡ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡…‡ ‘ˆ ‹”‘ ƒ† ‘–Š‡” ‘š‹†‡• ‹ –Š‡ ”‘…• ˆ”‘ –Š‹• –‹‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• ‘š›‰‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ‡…‘†Ž›ǡ –Š‡ ”‡“—‹”‡‡– ˆ‘” ƒ ‰”‡ƒ– †‡ƒŽ ‘ˆ —Ž–”ƒ˜‹‘Ž‡– Ž‹‰Š– Š‘Ž†• ‘Ž› ‹ˆ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ Ž‘™ concentration of the starting materials in the ™ƒ–‡”Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ™ƒ–‡” ‹ •‘‡ ’”‡Š‹•–‘”‹…Žƒ‡ „‡‰ƒ –‘ ˆ”‡‡œ‡ǡ –Š‡ •–ƒ”–‹‰ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ™‘—Ž† „‡…‘…‡–”ƒ–‡† ‹ ƒ •ƒŽŽ ˜‘Ž—‡ ‘ˆ —ˆ”‘œ‡ ™ƒ–‡”Ǥ Š‡ Š‹‰Š…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–ƒ”–‹‰ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ™‘—Ž† ‘ˆˆ•‡– –Š‡ •‘Ǧ…ƒŽŽ‡† †‡ϐ‹…‹‡…› ‘ˆ —Ž–”ƒ˜‹‘Ž‡– Ž‹‰Š–ǡ ƒ† Ž‹ˆ‡…‘—Ž† „‡‰‹Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ Š›’‘–Š‡•‹• ‘ˆ…‹‡–‹•– ͳǡ ™Š‹…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ™‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ Žƒ•– Ž‹˜‹‰ –Š‹‰• –‘ ‡˜‘Ž˜‡ǫ Ǥ ƒ‡”‘„‡• Ǥ ‹‘…‹†• Ǥ •‡…–• Ǥ ‹”—•‡• 6.

The Cambridge Edge ‘™…ƒ ›‘— recognize a ‘ϐŽ‹…–‹‰ ‹‡™’‘‹–• ‹–‡ǫ Here are some sample items to Š‡Ž’ ›‘— ”‡…‘‰‹œ‡ what these “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ•ǣ ͳǤ Predict results based on Scientist 1’s argument. ʹǤ Select a generalization that is most accurate given that Scientist 1’s argument is correct. ͵Ǥ Select the ϔ‹†‹‰• —’‘ which Scientist 1 and Scientist 2 would NOT agree. ͶǤ Predict which observations •—’’‘”– Scientist 1’s argument. ͷǤ Select the weakest link in one of the arguments. ͸Ǥ Select the ϔ‹†‹‰• –Šƒ– •—’’‘”– –Š‡ ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘• of both scientists. ͹Ǥ Select a criticism that Scientist 2 would make about Scientist 1’s conclusion.