Victory for the ACT Student Text 15e

450 • C AMBRIDGE P RACTICE T EST R EINFORCEMENT

47. (A) (p. 371) English/Conventions of Standard English/No Change . The original correctly states that Chicago took the early lead over New York, as the writer explains later in the essay. But you don’t really have to wait that long to …‘ϐ‹” –Š‡…‘””‡…–‡•• ‘ˆ Dz‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ǡdz ȋ ȌǤ Š‡ ‘–Š‡”…Š‘‹…‡• ƒ”‡ †‡ϐ‹‹–‡Ž› ™”‘‰Ǥ Dz……‘”†‹‰Ž›ǡdz ȋ Ȍǡ ‹’Ž‹‡• ƒ…ƒ—•ƒŽ or at least a logical connection between two events or ideas; “moreover,” (C), is used to extend or provide detail to an earlier idea; and “besides,” (D), is used to create additional emphasis for a second point. 48. (H) (p. 371) English/Conventions of Standard English/Sentence Structure/Faulty Parallelism . This item tests ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž‹•Ǥ Š‡ •‡–‡…‡ ’”‡•‡–• –™‘ ’”‘„Ž‡• ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –ƒŽŽ „—‹Ž†‹‰•ǣ –”ƒˆϐ‹…ƒ† ƒ‹” ’‘ŽŽ—–‹‘Ǥ Š‡› ƒ”‡ǡ ‹ a sense, equal ideas, so they should have equivalent forms: caused and degraded. (B) and (D) just add to confusion of the original by implying a dependence of one of the two on the other. 49. (D) (p. 371) English/Conventions of Standard English/Grammar and Usage/Faulty or Illogical Comparisons . The problem here is an illogical assertion. “As [comparative adjective] as” is a phrase to say that one thing has a magnitude that is equal to that of another thing. Examples are “as heavy as” or “as sweet as.” The writer means to say, however, –Šƒ– „—‹Ž†‹‰• ‡“—ƒŽ –‘ ‘” ‰”‡ƒ–‡” –Šƒ ͳͷͲ ˆ‡‡– ™‡”‡ „ƒ‡†ǡ ƒ† ˆ‘” –Šƒ–ǡ Dzȏƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡Ȑ‡” –Šƒǡdz ȋ Ȍǡ ‹• ‡‡†‡†Ǥ ȋ Ȍ ƒ† (C) are not properly formed English expressions. 50. (H) (p. 372) English/Knowledge of Language/Vocabulary . Irony refers to an event or state of affairs that is contrary to what one expects, so the word is used correctly here. The writer is describing what is almost a contest between Chicago and New York, so it is surprising to learn that one of the New York entrants seems to be from Chicago. 51. (C) (p. 372) English/Conventions of Standard English/Grammar and Usage/Faulty or Illogical Comparisons . The error in the original is fairly subtle. As written, the sentence seems to create an equivalence between “characteristics” and “a typical New York building.” (C) corrects the problem by making it clear that the comparison is between “characteristics” and “those.” In this case, “those” is a demonstrative pronoun that references “characteristics.” (B) completely disrupts the logic of the sentence. And in (D), the singular “that” fails to agree with the plural “characteristics.” 52. (H) (p. 372) English/Conventions of Standard English/Sentence Structure/Problems of Coordination and Subordination . Š‡ †‹ˆϐ‹…—Ž–› ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ™‘”† ‰”‘—’‹‰ ȋ‡†‹‰ ™‹–Š –Š‡…‘ƒȌ Šƒ• ‘…Ž‡ƒ” logical connection to the rest of the sentence. The phrase is not a complete thought, so it cannot stand on its own; it must be connected to something in the independent clause. (H) accomplishes the connection by turning the grouping ‹–‘ ƒ ’”‡’‘•‹–‹‘ƒŽ ’Š”ƒ•‡ –Šƒ– ‘†‹ϐ‹‡• Dz†‹‹‹•Š‡†Ǥdz ȋ Š‡ ƒ†˜ƒ…‡• ‡š’Žƒ‹ Š‘™ ‘” ™Š› –Š‡…‘•–”ƒ‹–• Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ diminished.) (G) and (J) seem to try this strategy but fail. “Advancing,” (G), would create a participial phrase, but the phrase would be an adjective that would have to modify a noun, and there is no suitable noun in the independent clause. Similarly, “by advancing,” (J), would seem to modify “constraints,” but the constraints did not advance the situation. 53. (B) (p. 372) English/Conventions of Standard English/Sentence Structure/Fragments . The original version is not a complete sentence, just a fragment of a sentence, because the word grouping does not have a main verb. In the original, “casting” seems to be an adjective modifying “Equitable Building.” So it should be the main verb, “cast,” (B). The other two choices make an attempt to provide a main verb, but the tenses are inconsistent with the rest of the paragraph. 54. (G) (p. 372) English/Knowledge of Language/Style/Tone . Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ‹• •Žƒ‰Ǥ Dz –‹dz ‹• ƒ ’”‡ϐ‹š ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘’’‘•‡† –‘ ‘” against, not a noun. The meanings of “resistant,” (H), and “averse,” (J), are not exactly what the writer intends for this context. 55. (A) (p. 373) English/Conventions of Standard English/Sentence Structure/Unintended Meanings . What is the most Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ’Žƒ…‡‡– ˆ‘” Dz‘Ž›dzǫ Š‡ ™‘”† ‹• ‹–‡†‡† –‘ „‡ ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ†˜‡”„‹ƒŽ ’Š”ƒ•‡ –Šƒ– ‘†‹ϐ‹‡• Dz”‹•‡ǡdz •–ƒ–‹‰ Š‘™ Š‹‰Š ƒ •–”—…–—”‡…‘—Ž† „‡ „—‹Ž–Ǥ Š‡…—””‡– ’Žƒ…‡‡– ƒ‡• ‹–…Ž‡ƒ” –Šƒ– –Š‡ ”‹•‡ ™ƒ• Ž‹‹–‡† –‘ Œ—•– ͳͲͲ ˆ‡‡–Ǥ —––‹‰ Dz‘Ž›dz „‡ˆ‘”‡ Dzƒ „—‹Ž†‹‰ǡdz ȋ Ȍǡ…”‡ƒ–‡• –Š‡ ‹’”‡••‹‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘Ž› –Š‹‰ –Šƒ– ‡™ ‘” ’‡”‹––‡† –‘ ”‹•‡ –‘ ͳͲͲ feet was a building, which is not the intended meaning of the writer. Placing “only” after “rise,” (C), implies that the building had to go upward from the sidewalk in a vertical fashion, obvious and therefore silly. And putting “only” after “directly,” (D), suggest that buildings were built upon sidewalks.