Victory for the ACT Student Text 15e

V ICTORY P RACTICE T EST A NSWERS AND E XPLANATIONS • 451

56. (H) (p. 373) English/Production of Writing/Organization/Sentence-Level Structure . You can think of a question like –Š‹• ƒ• ƒ Œ‹‰•ƒ™ ’—œœŽ‡Ȅ–Š‡”‡ǯ• ‘Ž› ‘‡…‘””‡…– ™ƒ› –‘ ϐ‹– ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ’‹‡…‡• –‘‰‡–Š‡”Ǥ † Œ—•– ƒ• ›‘— ™‘—Ž† ™‹–Š ƒ Œ‹‰•ƒ™ puzzle, start with the edges. The last sentence of the preceding paragraph mentions the zoning plan, so it is likely –Šƒ– –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– ’‹‡…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ’—œœŽ‡ ™‹ŽŽ „‡…‘‡…–‡† –‘ –Šƒ– ‹†‡ƒǡ ƒ† ȋʹȌ •Š‘—Ž† „‡ –Š‡ ‘’‡‹‰ •‡–‡…‡Ǥ Š‡ ‡š– ’‹‡…‡ •Š‘—Ž† ϐ‹– •—‰Ž› ƒ‰ƒ‹•– –Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ œ‘‹‰ Žƒ™ǡ •‘ ȋͶȌ •Š‘—Ž†…‘‡ ‡š–Ǥ Š‡ǡ –Š‡ –‘’‹…‘ˆ ‡™ ‘” ™‘—Ž† •—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ– ȋͳȌ…‘‡ ‡š–Ǥ † ϐ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ ‘–‡ ƒ„‘—– Š‹…ƒ‰‘ ™‘—Ž† „‡ –Š‡ Žƒ•– •‡–‡…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’ŠǤ 57. (A) (p. 373) English/Production of Writing/Strategy/Effective Opening Sentence . The original version provides a good introduction to the paragraph since the author supplied a history of the “tallest building competition” that spans over ƒ Š—†”‡† ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ Š‡ ‘–Š‡”…Š‘‹…‡• †‘ ‘– ϐ‹– –Š‡ Žƒ–‡” †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’ŠǤ 58. (H) (p. 373) English/Conventions of Standard English/Grammar and Usage/Nouns and Noun Clauses . This item tests the rule for creating a possessive noun. The general procedure is to add an ‘s, though there are a few exceptions. Here the original “countries” is the plural of the noun “country” and cannot be used to modify “building.” (H) solves the problem. (G) is the possessive of the plural of the noun, but the context makes it clear that the writer is referring to just one country. (J) is not an acceptable form for any purpose. 59. (B) (p. 374) English/Production of Writing/Strategy/Appropriate Supporting Material . Š‡ ϐ‹”•– •‡–‡…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ last paragraph states that the two cities have been in a kind of competition for “tallest building” for a long time. Š‡ •‡–‡…‡ ‹ “—‡•–‹‘ ‰‹˜‡• •’‡…‹ϐ‹…‡šƒ’Ž‡• ‘ˆ „—‹Ž†‹‰• –Šƒ– ™‡”‡ ƒ– ‘‡ –‹‡ –Š‡ Dz–ƒŽŽ‡•–dz „—– ‰ƒ˜‡ —’ –Šƒ– distinction when another, taller structure was completed. 60. (J) (p. 374) English/Production of Writing/Strategy/Appropriate Supporting Material . The sentence provides information that gives an authoritative opinion on the issue raised by the question asked in the paragraph, so it would „‡ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–Ǥ † –Š‡ ”‡ƒ†‡” ‹• Ž‹‡Ž› –‘ ϐ‹† –Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ Š‡Ž’ˆ—Ž ‘” ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰Ǥ 61. (C) (p. 375) English/Conventions of Standard English/Grammar and Usage/Pronoun Usage and Sentence Structure/ Fragments . The original version contains an ambiguous pronoun. “That” is a demonstrative pronoun in context and seems to refer to a noun or pronoun in the previous sentence. But it lacks an antecedent (referent). If “that” is read as a relative pronoun, then the original is a sentence fragment. (C) resolves the ambiguity and corrects the sentence. In the new version, “that” introduces a relative clause to modify “duel.” As for (B), “what” should not be used to introduce a relative clause. And (D) inserts a gratuitous comma between the subject of the new relative clause and the verb. 62. (J) (p. 375) English/Conventions of Standard English/Sentence Structure/Problems of Coordination and Subordination . The problem with the original is that “by” needs a noun (or pronoun) object, but what follows has a subject and verb. (J) takes advantage of this by creating a dependent clause introduced by the subordinate conjunction “because” and modifying “boiled over” (stating why). (G) is no improvement since “of” also looks for an object. Finally, (H) is incorrect because “for the reason that” is not idiomatic. 63. (D) (p. 375) English/Production of Writing/Strategy/Appropriate Supporting Material . This item asks you to select a word that will extend the metaphor started in the preceding sentence. At the heart of the idea of “simmer” and “boil” is the notion of turning up the heat, (D). 64. (J) (p. 375) English/Conventions of Standard English/Punctuation/Commas . This item is a matter of proper ’—…–—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ‹…‘””‡…–Ž› —•‡• –Š‡…‘Ž‘Ǥ …‘Ž‘ ‹• —•‡† –‘ ‹–”‘†—…‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ –Šƒ–…Žƒ”‹ϐ‹‡• ‘” ƒ††• †‡–ƒ‹Ž to what has come earlier. A dash, (G), is inappropriate because the material to follow is not an aside. And using a period, (H), creates a fragment. 65. (B) (p. 375) English/Conventions of Standard English/Sentence Structure/Problems of Coordination and Subordination . The “which” in the original seems to introduce a relative clause modifying “challenge,” but that job is already taken by “that.” Also, “who” rather than “which” is the relative pronoun used to refer to people. (C) takes care of “who” but leaves the sentence with no clear logical structure, just as the original does. Finally, (D) completely blows up the logic of the sentence.